Some of the most noteworthy remains of human habitation east in Jordan are the castles built by the Ummayad caliphates during the growing days of Islam (7th & 8th centuries CE). During the height of the Umayyad dynasty, architecture flourished due to the cultural exchange, which was also accompanied by major trade routes. The Umayyad dynasty was later overthrown by the Abbasids, in 750 CE, and architecture consequently changed and evolved which can also be exhibited in Jordan. Many relics and remains of the early and medieval Islamic periods still stand today in Jordan and are dotted around in the deserts of eastern Jordan. These ruins include castles, forts, baths, towers, and fortified ruins and are collectively known as the desert castles. The fine frescoes, mosaics, stone and stucco carvings, inspired by Persian and Greco-Roman traditions, unveil and portray life and customs during the 8th century. Begin the tour with a morning pick up from any hotel in Amman. Travel in a climate-controlled vehicle with a private English-speaking driver across Jordan’s rugged countryside. Journey out of Amman and into the arid landscape and observe the hot dry sand of Jordan spread out every direction. Pull up at Qasr Al-Azraq; a large fortress named after a nearby oasis. Built from black basalt rock, this fortress was once a hunting retreat for the Umayyad rulers and an important military base during the Byzantine period. This imposing castle was used by T.E Lawrence (the 20th-century British soldier and the Arab revolt leader) during the Arab Revolt against the Turks.

Move on to Qusayr Amra, a UNESCO-listed World Heritage site. This architectural masterpiece sits in the desert’s heart. It is most notable for the lively frescoes on the ceiling and the inside walls, which depict hunting scenes, pictures of animals and birds, hunting scenes, and portraits. The representation of the zodiac on the domed ceiling of the hot room is one of the earliest surviving portrayals of a map. It is actually a remnant of a larger complex; however, what remains today is a small country cabin without any military function. It is one of the most important and remarkable examples of early Islamic art and architecture.

After taking in the beauty of these frescoes and vaulted chambers, travel to Qasr al Kharrana, a picturesque square fortress with rounded turrets and a central courtyard. This castle remains an enigma to historians and archeologists. Some believe it was a defensive fort, while others think it served as a resting place for travelers, a meeting place, or caravanserai. Amazingly still inside, it is one of Jordan’s most beautiful and atmospheric ancient buildings. Admire the architecture and view the rooms fringing the courtyard and their ornamental niches and pilasters.