The Kalametiya Bird Sanctuary is one of the oldest and most significant bird-watching sites in Sri Lanka. It was first declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1938 however, due to local opposition, its protected status was temporarily revoked in 1946. In recognition of its ecological importance, it was once again re-established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1984 and has since remained a vital conservation area. Today, the sanctuary is considered a premier bird-watching destination in Sri Lanka, home to over 150 species of birds, including 54 migratory species. In addition to its rich avifauna, the area also supports approximately 20 species of mammals, 41 species of fish, and 38 species of reptiles, highlighting its outstanding biodiversity.