We start in front of the most beautiful train station of The Netherlands. The railways made a significant contribution to the revival of Haarlem after 1850, as improved infrastructure allowed small businesses to grow into important industrial complexes. Examples include the Figee machine factory, Droste chocolate factory, Conrad shipyard (all located on the Spaarne), and the Beijnes railway carriage factory at Stationsplein.

Of course we will walk over the Grote Markt. The Grote Markt has traditionally been the heart of Haarlem. Before the Middle Ages, when the square was not yet paved, it was called 't Sant. Justice was administered on 't Sand at that time. However, the gallows were located on the outskirts of the city to deter people. Tournaments were held on the square, as well as markets. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the square was even larger than it is now because there was no building on the south side (right). The appearance and character of this place were and are largely determined by the historical buildings surrounding it.

On the Grote Markt, we find the Grote Kerk. Here once stood a smaller church that was damaged during a city fire. Subsequently, the Grote or St. Bavo was built here. The floor plan is based on the cruciform shape. Construction began in 1390 with the choir built around the old Romanesque church, followed by the transept. The nave followed from the mid-15th century. The tower is an oak construction covered with lead and was added to the church in 1520. In 1559, St. Bavo was elevated to a cathedral. On May 19, 1578, the 'Haarlemse noon' took place, a delayed iconoclastic event. During a Catholic sacrament procession in the St. Bavo Church, Geuzen soldiers stormed the church. The soldiers killed the priest and destroyed everything. Afterward, the church came into the possession of the Reformed Community. In the church, in addition to the world-famous Müller organ, there are the graves of painters Frans Hals, Pieter Saendam, linen merchant Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, and many others.

We cannot skip the Botermarkt. In 2012, during the installation of underground waste containers on the Botermarkt, skeletons from the Middle Ages were discovered. These were found on an old cemetery belonging to the medieval St. Gangolf's Chapel. The excavation of these skeletons has provided more insight into the men, women, and children who lived in Haarlem around 1450. The combination of forensic science, archaeology, anatomy, and sculptural art can give a lifelike face to an excavated individual. For the reconstruction, a skeleton with a skull was selected from a 35-year-old man with a remarkable face. Since his name was unknown, the name Cornelis was chosen. Cornelis was a common name in Haarlem in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Another church! For centuries, Haarlem was one of the largest beer brewing cities in the Netherlands. Beer brewing dates back to the medieval period in Haarlem, with many breweries located along the Spaarne River and Bakenessergracht. The proximity to water was convenient for both beer production and the transportation of beer barrels. The beer barrels, with a capacity of 112 liters, were called 'Jopen.'